COB - A DAQ board like the HSIO-II, but suited for more large-scale stuff.
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Automatically assigns stuff like IP addresses to computers on a network. On Linux, this is controlled by a configuration file /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf. You can find out what the settings in the file mean by reading this.
DPM -
DTM -
HSIO-II - High Speed Input Output II. This is a board for performing testing on pixel detectors. It looks like this. The manual is here.
NFS - Network File System. Used for sharing files between multiple computers.